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                                  | Irlen Syndrome Literature: More than 
                                    300 papers, starting 1955 For more information for professionals or 
                                    individuals interested in therapy, see our 
                                    home page,
 Irlen Institute / Percepual Development 
                                    Corp
 
 1. Adler, L., 
                                    & Attwood, M. (1987). Poor Readers: what 
                                    do they really see on the page? A study of 
                                    a major cause of dyslexia. Los Angeles CA: 
                                    Los Angeles County Office of Education.
 
 2. Anstice, J. (2000). Eye movements: 
                                    Their importance for reading and some of the 
                                    factors that disrupt them. Paper presented 
                                    to the 6th Irlen International Conference, 
                                    Australia, 5-8 July.
 
 3. American Music Teacher (1996, June/July) 
                                    Dyslexia or Scotopic Sensitivity Syndrome? 
                                    The Official Journal of Music Teachers National 
                                    Association. 16-17.
 
 4. Barbolini, G., Caffo, E., Robinson, 
                                    G.L., & Wright, A. (1998). Light sensitivity 
                                    and some pervasive developmental disorders: 
                                    autistic disorder, Aspergers disorder. Modena 
                                    International Conference on Autism and Pervasive 
                                    Developmental Disorders. Univer. Of Modena, 
                                    Italy, 26-27 March.
 
 5. Barbolini, G., Migaldi, M., Wright, 
                                    A., & Irlen, H. (1996). A biological and 
                                    medical approach to remedial chromotherapy. 
                                    Irlen Institute, Fourth International Directors/Screeners 
                                    Conference, June 27-30, New Orleans, LA.
 
 6. Barbolini, G., Wright, A., Migaldi. 
                                    M., & Irlen, H. (1996). A biological approach 
                                    to remedial chromotherapy. Published in the 
                                    form of a booklet. Available from: Irlen Centre 
                                    East, 4 Park Farm Business Centre, Fornham 
                                    St. Genevieve Bury St. Edmunds Suffolk IP28 
                                    6TS, UK.
 
 7. Black, H. (1999). Emilys violet-colored 
                                    glasses. Womans World, Oct. 19, 1999, 43.
 
 8. Blakeslee, Sandra. (1991, September 
                                    15). Study Ties Dyslexia to Brain Flaw Affecting 
                                    Vision and Other Senses. The New York Times.
 
 9. Blaskey, P., Sheiman, M., Parisi, 
                                    M., Ciner, E.B., Gallaway, M., & Selznick, 
                                    R. (1990). The Effectiveness of Irlen Filters 
                                    for improved reading performance: A pilot 
                                    study. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 23, 
                                    604-612.
 
 10. Borsting, E., Ridder, W.H., Dudeck, 
                                    K., Kelley, C., Matsuir, L., & Motoyama, 
                                    J. (1996). The presence of a magnocellular 
                                    defect depends on the type of dyslexia. Vision 
                                    Research, 36, 1047-1053.
 
 11. Bouldoukian, J.,, Wilkins, A.J., 
                                    & Evans, Bruce J.W. (2002). Randomised 
                                    controlled trial of the effect of coloured 
                                    overlays on the rate of reading of people 
                                    with specific learning difficulties. Ophthalmological 
                                    and Physiological Optics, 22, 55-60.
 
 12. Bouma, H., & Legein, Ch.P. 
                                    (1977). Foveal and parfoveal recognition of 
                                    letters and words by dyslexics and by average 
                                    readers. Neuropsycholgica, 15, 69-80.
 
 13. Bouma, H., & Legein, Ch.P. 
                                    (1980). Dyslexia: A specific recoding deficit? 
                                    An analysis of response latencies for letters 
                                    and words in dyslexics and average readers. 
                                    Neuropsychologica, 18, 285-298.
 
 14. Brannan, J.R., & Williams, 
                                    M.C. (1988). Developmental versus sensory 
                                    deficit effects on perceptual processing in 
                                    the reading disabled. Perception and Psychophysics, 
                                    44, 437-444.
 
 15. Breitmeyer, B. (1980). Unmasking 
                                    visual masking: a look at the why behind 
                                    the veil of the how. Psychology Review, 
                                    87, 52-69.
 
 16. Breitmeyer, B.G. (1989). A visually 
                                    based deficit in specific reading disability. 
                                    The Irish Journal of Psychology, 10, 534-541.
 
 17. Breitmeyer, B.G. (1993). Sustained 
                                    (P) and transient (M) channels in vision: 
                                    a review and implications for reading. In 
                                    D.M. Willows, R.S. Kruk, & E. Corcos (Eds.), 
                                    Visual processes in reading and reading disabilities. 
                                    Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. 95-110.
 
 18. Breitmeyer, B.F., & Breier, 
                                    J.I. (1994). Effects of background color on 
                                    reaction time to stimuli varying in size and 
                                    contrast: inferences about human M channels. 
                                    Vision Research, 34, 1039-1045.
 
 19. Breitmeyer, B.F., & Ogmen, 
                                    H. (2000). Recent models and findings in visual 
                                    backward masking: a comparison, review, and 
                                    update. Perception & Psychophysics, 62(8)
 
 20. Breitmeyer, B.F., & Williams, 
                                    M.C. (1990). Effects of isoluminant-background 
                                    color on metacontrast and stroboscopic motion: 
                                    Interactions between sustained (P) and transient 
                                    (M) channels. Vision Research, 30(7) 1069-7052
 
 21. Bruck, M. (1990). Word-recognition 
                                    skills of adults with childhood diagnoses 
                                    of dyslexia. Developmental Psychology, 26. 
                                    430-454.
 
 22. Bulmer, J. (1994). Sensory overload 
                                    and general well being: Can adults be helped 
                                    by using Irlen lenses? Unpublished honors 
                                    thesis, Chester College of Higher Education, 
                                    Chester, UK.
 
 23. Burgess, J. (1990). Long term evaluation 
                                    of the effect of Irlen tinted lenses on academic 
                                    and related skills. Unpublished M.Ed. Thesis. 
                                    University of Canberra, Belconnen A.C.T.
 
 24. Canino, F.J. (1981). Learned helplessness 
                                    theory: Implications for research in learning 
                                    disabilities. The Journal of Special Education, 
                                    15, 471-484.
 
 25. Carlile, C. (1997). Scotopic sensitivity 
                                    syndrome sheds new light on reading disability. 
                                    Texas Reading Report, 19(4), 1-13.
 
 26. Carmean, S., & Irlen, H.L. 
                                    The relationship of Irlen reading filter hues 
                                    and contrast sensitivity. Unpublished manuscript.
 
 27. Chan, L.K.S., & Robinson, G.L.W. 
                                    (1989). The effects of comprehension monitoring 
                                    instruction for reading disabled students 
                                    with and without tinted lenses. Australian 
                                    Journal of Special Education, 13, 4-13
 
 28. Chan, L.K.S., & Robinson, G.L.W. 
                                    (1990). The effects of poor readers responsiveness 
                                    to metacognition instruction in comprehension. 
                                    Department of Education, University of Newcastle, 
                                    Australia.
 
 29. Chase, C.H. (1996). A visual deficit 
                                    model of developmental dyslexia. In C.H. Chase, 
                                    G.D. Rose, & G.F. Sherman (eds.), Developmental 
                                    dyslexia: neural, cognitive, and genetic mechanisms 
                                    (pp. 127-156). Timonium, MD: York Press.
 
 30. Chase, C.H., & Jenner, A. (1993). 
                                    Magnocellular processing deficits affect temporal 
                                    processing of dyslexics. Annals of the New 
                                    York Academy of Sciences, 682, 326-330.
 
 31. Chase, C., Ashourzadeh, A., Kelly, 
                                    C., Monfette, S., & Kinsey, K. (2003). 
                                    Can the magnocullular pathway read? Evidence 
                                    from studies of color. Vision Research, 43, 
                                    1211-1222.
 
 32. Chelva, E., Collins, D.W.K., Levy, 
                                    R.L., & McLaren, T.L. (1987). Preliminary 
                                    electrophysical testing of subjects with prescribed 
                                    Irlen tinted lenses. Dept. Biophysics, Sir 
                                    Charles Gairdner Hospital. Paper presented 
                                    at the Dyslexia Research Foundation Seminar, 
                                    Perth, W.A.
 
 33. Cheng, A., Eysel, U., & Vidyasagar, 
                                    T. (2004). The role of the magnocellular pathway 
                                    in serial deployment of visual attention. 
                                    European Journal of Neuroscience, 20(8), 2188-2192.
 
 34. Chronicle, E.P., & Wilkins, 
                                    A.J. (1991) Colour and visual discomfort in 
                                    migraineurs. The Lancet, 338, 890.
 
 35. Clay, M.M., & Imlach, R.H. 
                                    (1971). Juncture, pitch and stress as reading 
                                    behaviour variables. Journal of Verbal Learning 
                                    and Verbal Behaviour, 10, 133-139.
 
 36. Colson, D. (2000). Thanks to Womans 
                                    World, my son can finally read. Womans World, 
                                    March 14, 3.
 
 37. Conlon, E. (2000). Visual Perceptual 
                                    Problems in Reading: Their relationship to 
                                    reading disability and neural processing. 
                                    Paper presented to the 6th Irlen International 
                                    Conference, Australia. 5-8 July.
 
 38. Cotton, M.M., & Evans, K.M. 
                                    (1990). An evaluation of Irlen Lenses as a 
                                    treatment for specific reading disorders. 
                                    Australian Journal of Psychology, 42, 1-12.
 
 39. Cotton, M.M., & Evans, K.M. 
                                    (1994). Parents and childrens expectations 
                                    about Irlen (tinted) lenses. Perceptual and 
                                    Motor Skills, 78, 1387-1390.
 
 40. Coyle, Barbara (1955). Use of filters 
                                    to treat visual-perception problem creates 
                                    adherents and skeptics. Canadian Medical Association 
                                    Journal, 152(5) 749-750.
 
 41. Creedon, M.P., & Reese, M. 
                                    Attention and perceptual skills of students 
                                    with autism using Irlen coloured filters. 
                                    Unpublished manuscript. Hospital & Medical 
                                    Center, Chicago.
 
 42. Croyle, L., (1998). Rate of reading, 
                                    visual processing, colour and contrast. Australian 
                                    Journal of Learning Disabilities, 3, 13-21.
 
 43. Croyle, M., & Solman R. (1996). 
                                    Vision, reading and colour. Presentation to 
                                    20th Annual conference of Australian Association 
                                    of Special Education.
 
 44. Croyle, L., Elliott, R., & 
                                    Dain, S. (1997). Reading, visual processing, 
                                    colour and contrast. (Unpublished manuscript, 
                                    University of New South Wales, Australia)
 
 45. Davis, M., & Dodds, S. (1986). 
                                    New Hope for Dyslexics. New Texas, February/March 
                                    5.
 
 46. Demb, J.M., Boynton, G.M., Best, 
                                    M., & Heeger, D.J. (1998). Psychophysical 
                                    evidence for magnocellular pathway deficit 
                                    in dyslexia. Vision Research, 28, 1555-1559.
 
 47. Demb, J.M., Boynton, G.M., & 
                                    Heeger, D.J. (1998). Functional magnetic resonance 
                                    imaging of early visual pathways in dyslexia. 
                                    Journal of Neuroscience, 18, 6939-6951.
 
 48. Di Lollo, V., Hanson, D., & 
                                    McIntyre, J.S. (1983). Initial stages of visual 
                                    information processing in dyslexia. Journal 
                                    of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception 
                                    and Performance, 9, 923-925.
 
 49. Eames, T.H. (1957). The relationship 
                                    of the central visual field to the speed of 
                                    visual perception. American Journal of Opthalmology, 
                                    43, 279-280.
 
 50. Eden, G.F., VanMeter, J.W., Rumsey, 
                                    J.M., Maisog, J.M., Woods, R.P., & Zeffiro, 
                                    T.A. (1996). Abnormal processing of visual 
                                    motion in dyslexia revealed by functional 
                                    brain imaging. Nature, 382, 66-69.
 
 51. Edwards, V.T., Hogben, J.H., Clark, 
                                    C.D., & Pratt, C. (1996). Effects of a 
                                    red background on magnocullular functioning 
                                    in average and specifically disabled readers. 
                                    Vision Research, 36(7) 1037-1045.
 
 52. Evans, B. (1994). The relationship 
                                    between optometric problems, visual discomfort 
                                    and reading difficulties. Optician, 5436(207), 
                                    18-22.
 
 53. Evans, B.J., Cook, A., Richards, 
                                    I.L., & Drasdo, N. (1994). Effect of pattern 
                                    glare and colour overlays on a simulated reading 
                                    task in dyslexics and normal readers. Optometry 
                                    and Vision Science, 71, 619-628.
 
 54. Evans, Bruce J.W., & Joseph, 
                                    Florence (2002). The effect of coloured filters 
                                    on the rate of reading in an adults student 
                                    population. Opthalmological and Physiological 
                                    Optics, 22, 535-545.
 
 55. Evans, B.J.W., Patel, R., Wilkins, 
                                    A.J., Lightstone, A., Eperjesi, F., Speedwell, 
                                    L., & Duffy, J. (1999). A review of the 
                                    management of 323 consecutive patients seen 
                                    in a specific learning disabilities clinic. 
                                    Ophthalmological and Physiological Optics, 
                                    19(6), 454-466.
 
 56. Fisher, D.F., & Shebliske, 
                                    W.L. (1985). There is more that meets the 
                                    eye than the eyemind assumption. In R. Corner, 
                                    G.W. McConkie, & C. Menz. (Eds.). Eye 
                                    Movements and Human Information processing. 
                                    (pp149-157) B.V. (North Holland): Elsevier 
                                    Science Publishers.
 
 57. Fletcher, J., & Martinez, G. 
                                    (1994). An eye movement analysis of the effects 
                                    of Scotopic sensitivity correction on parsing 
                                    and comprehension. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 
                                    27, 67-70.
 
 58. Floyd, R.A., Dain, S.J., Elliott, 
                                    R.T. (2004). Is the perception of brightness 
                                    different in poor readers? School of Optometry 
                                    and Vision Science, University of new South 
                                    Walkes, NSW 2052, Sydney, Australia, Vision 
                                    Research, Jan: 44(2), 221-7.
 
 59. Foorman, B.R., & Liberman, 
                                    B.R. (1989). Visual and phonological processing 
                                    of words: a comparison of good and poor readers. 
                                    Journal of Learning Disabilities, 22, 349-355.
 
 60. Fricker, S. (1989). Do Irlen coloured 
                                    glasses improve stereopsis and reading ability 
                                    in children who have reading difficulties 
                                    caused by visual perceptual distortion when 
                                    they look at black print on white paper, and 
                                    does their colour vision differ from the normal 
                                    population? Unpublished Diploma of Community 
                                    Child Health Thesis, Flinders University, 
                                    Adelaide, Australia.
 
 61. Geaney, E., McGeady, M., McMahon, 
                                    T., Mahon, D., & Mullaney, P. (1991). 
                                    Eyes, filters and reading. A pilot study. 
                                    Report compiled from a pilot project conducted 
                                    at Royal Victoria Eye Hospital, Adelaide Road, 
                                    Dublin 2 and at the Irlen Centre, Palmerstown, 
                                    Dublin 20.
 
 62. Geiger, G., & Lettvim, J. (1987). 
                                    Peripheral vision in persons with dyslexia. 
                                    The New England Journal of Medicine, 20, 1238-1243.
 
 63. Gole, G.A., Dibden, S.N., Pearson, 
                                    C.R., Pidgeon, K.J., Hannell, G., Fitzgerald, 
                                    B.A., Kortman, J.Y., & McGlinchey, N.D. 
                                    (1989). Tinted lenses and dyslexics: A controlled 
                                    study. Australian & New Zealand Journal 
                                    of Opthalmology, 17, 137-141.
 
 64. Good, P.A., Taylor, R.H., Ophth, 
                                    F.C., & Mortimer M.J., (1991). The use 
                                    of tinted glasses in childhood migraine. Headache, 
                                    September. Department of Ophthalmology, University 
                                    of Birmingham, Birmingham and Midland Eye 
                                    Hospital, Church Street, Birmingham, B3 2NS, 
                                    England. Reprint requests to: Mr. P. A. Good.
 
 65. Goodman, K.S., & Gollasch, 
                                    E.V. (1980). Word omissions: deliberate and 
                                    nondeliberate. Reading Research Quarterly, 
                                    16, 6-30.
 
 66. Gray, J. (1999). Visual perceptual 
                                    difficulties and reading behavior: Irlen syndrome 
                                    and eye colour. Unpublished Doctor of Philosophy 
                                    Thesis, University of Bristol, UK.
 
 67. Gregg, P.J. (1989). Dyslexia and 
                                    tinted filters. The Optician, January 29, 
                                    17-20.
 
 68. Griffin, D.C., Walton, N.H., & 
                                    Ives, V. (1974). Saccades as related to reading 
                                    disorders. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 
                                    7, 310-316.
 
 69. Grosser, G.S., & Spafford, 
                                    C.L. (1989). Perceptual evidence for and anomalous 
                                    distribution of rods and cones in the retinas 
                                    of dyslexics: a new hypothesis. Perceptual 
                                    and Motor Skills, 68, 683-698.
 
 70. Grosser, G.S., & Spafford, 
                                    C.S. (1990). Light sensitivity in peripheral 
                                    retinal fields of dyslexic and proficient 
                                    readers. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 71, 
                                    467-477.
 
 71. Gustafson, S., Samuelsson, S., 
                                    & Ronnberg, J. (1997). Phonological training 
                                    and reading skills: why do some resist? In 
                                    B. Ericson & J. Ronnberg (Eds.), Reading 
                                    disability and its treatment, Norrkoping, 
                                    Sweden: Eve Malmquist Institute for Reading. 
                                    Pp. 38-51.
 
 72. Haag, S.R. (1984). The IDPS childrens 
                                    form: a validity study. Unpublished Master 
                                    of Science thesis, California State University, 
                                    Long Beach.
 
 73. Hailey, D., & Lea, A. (1992. 
                                    Irlen Lenses and the Reading Disabled. The 
                                    Bulletin for Learning Disabilities. 2. (1). 
                                    Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 
                                    Canberra. 40-48.
 
 74. Hannell G., Gole, G.A., Dibden, 
                                    S.M., Rooney, F., Pidgeon, K.J., & McGlinchey, 
                                    N.D. (1989. Reading improvement with tinted 
                                    lenses: A report of two cases. Clinical and 
                                    Experimental Optometry, 72, 170-176
 
 75. Hazell, P, (2000). Still Going. 
                                    Hyperactivity Enters its Second Century. Paper 
                                    presented to the 6th Irlen International Conference, 
                                    Australia 5-8 July, 2000
 
 76. Hobbs, M. (1994). A study on the 
                                    prevalence of vision problems and Irlen syndrome 
                                    among students "At Risk". Unpublished 
                                    manuscript. Study conducted in New Zealand.
 
 77. Holland, K.C., Tyrrell, R., & 
                                    Wilkins, A. (1991). The effect of Irlen coloured 
                                    lenses on saccadic eye movements and reading. 
                                    Paper presented at the Coloured Spectacles 
                                    and Reading Difficulties Seminar, London.
 
 78. Hulme, C., & Hogben, M.J. (1997). 
                                    How does a visual transient deficit affect 
                                    reading? In C. Hulme & M. Snowling (Eds.), 
                                    Dyslexia: biology, cognition and intervention. 
                                    London, UK: Whurr. 59-70.
 
 79. Inghersoll, B., & Goldstein, 
                                    S. (1993). Attention deficit disorder and 
                                    learning disabilities: Realities, myths, and 
                                    controversial treatments. Doubleday.
 
 80. Iovino, I., Fletcher, J.M., Breitmeyer, 
                                    B.F., & Foorman, B.R. (1998). Colored 
                                    overlays for visual perceptual deficits in 
                                    children with reading disability and attention 
                                    deficit/hyperactivity disorder: are they differentially 
                                    effective? Journal of Clinical & Experimental 
                                    Neuropsychology, 20(6) 791-806.
 
 81. Irlen, H. (1991a). Reading by the 
                                    colors. New York: Avery.
 
 82. Irlen, H. (1991b). Scotopic Sensitivity 
                                    Syndrome: screening manual. Long Beach, CA: 
                                    Perceptual Development Corporation.
 
 83. Irlen, H. (1983, August). Successful 
                                    treatment of Learning Disabilities. Paper 
                                    presented at the 91st Annual Convention of 
                                    the American Psychological Association, Anaheim 
                                    California.
 
 84. Irlen, H. (1987). Irlen Differential 
                                    Perceptual Schedule. Long Beach, California: 
                                    Perceptual Development Corporation.
 
 85. Irlen, H. (1994). Scotopic Sensitivity/Irlen 
                                    Syndrome - Hypothesis and Explanation of the 
                                    Syndrome. Journal of Behavioral Optometry, 
                                    5, 62-65.
 
 86. Irlen, H. (1994). Dyslexia in higher 
                                    education: strategies and the value of asking. 
                                    Paper presented at the Dyslexia in Higher 
                                    Education International Conference, 31 October 
                                    ? 2 November, Devon, UK
 
 87. Irlen, H. (1996). Dyslexia in higher 
                                    education: Learning along the continuum. The 
                                    Information Bulletin for Learning Disabilities, 
                                    1, 44-48.
 
 88. Irlen, H. (1997). Reading problems 
                                    and Irlen coloured lenses. Dyslexia Review, 
                                    8(3), 4-7.
 
 89. Irlen, H. (2000). Looking beyond 
                                    the printed page. Paper presented to the 6th 
                                    Irlen International Conference, Australia. 
                                    5-8 July.
 
 90. Irlen, H., & Lass, M.J. (1989). 
                                    Improving reading problems due to symptoms 
                                    of Scotopic Sensitivity Syndrome using Irlen 
                                    lenses and overlays. Education, 30, 1-5.
 
 91. Irlen, H., & Robinson, G.L. 
                                    (1996). The effect of Irlen coloured filters 
                                    on adult perception of workplace performance: 
                                    a preliminary survey. Australian Journal of 
                                    Remedial Education, 1, 7-17.
 
 92. Irvine, J.H., & Irvine, E.W. 
                                    (1997). Scotopic Sensitivity Syndrome in a 
                                    single individual (a case study). Report by 
                                    the Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division, 
                                    China Lake, CA, April 1997.
 
 93. Jeanes, R., Busby, A., Martin, 
                                    J., Lewis, E., Stevenson, N., Pointon, D., 
                                    & Wilkins, A. (1997). Prolonged use of 
                                    coloured overlays for classroom reading. Journal 
                                    of Psychology, 88, 531-548.
 
 94. Jennings, G.D.J., & Underwood, 
                                    G. (1984). The influence of parafoveal information 
                                    on a simple reading task. In A.G. Gale & 
                                    F. Johnson (Eds.). Theoretical and applied 
                                    aspects of eye movement research, (pp179-185). 
                                    B.V. (North Holland): Elsevier Science Publishers.
 
 95. Johannes, S., Kussmaul, C.L., Muente, 
                                    T.F., & Mangun, R. (1996). Developmental 
                                    dyslexia: passive visual stimulation provides 
                                    no evidence for a magnocellular processing 
                                    defect. Neuropsychologia, 34, 1123-1127.
 
 96. Johnson, P.J., Saba, G., Dorain, 
                                    E., Belmont, S. (2000). A Study to test the 
                                    effectiveness of reading with Irlen coloured 
                                    overlays for students with Irlen/Scotopic 
                                    sensitivity syndrome. Paper presented to the 
                                    6th Irlen International Conference, Australia. 
                                    5-8 July.
 
 97. Jordan, D. (1972). Dyslexia in 
                                    the classroom. Columbus, OH: Merrill
 
 98. ordan, I. (1998). Visual dyslexia: 
                                    a guide for parents and teachers. United Kingdom:
 
 99. Desktop Publications.
 
 100. Juel C., (1988). Learning to read 
                                    and write: A longitudinal study of 54 children 
                                    from first through fourth grades. Journal 
                                    of Educational Psychology, 80, 437-447.
 
 101. Juel, C., Griffith, P., & 
                                    Gough, P. (1986). Acquisitions of literacy: 
                                    A longitudinal study of children in 1st and 
                                    2nd grade. Journal of Educational Psychology, 
                                    78, 243-255.
 
 102. Just, M.A., & Carpenter, P.A. 
                                    (1980). A theory of reading: From eye fixations 
                                    to comprehension. Psychological Review, 87, 
                                    329-354.
 
 103. Kavale, K. (1982). Meta-analysis 
                                    of the relationship between visual perceptual 
                                    skills and reading achievement. Journal of 
                                    Learning Disabilities, 15, 42-51.
 
 104. Kirby, J.R., & Williams, N.H. 
                                    (1991). Learning problems: A cognitive approach. 
                                    Toronto, Canada: Kagan & Woo.
 
 105. Knoblauch, K., Arditi, A., & 
                                    Szlyk, J. (1991). Effects of chromatic and 
                                    luminance contrast on reading. Journal of 
                                    the Optical Society of America, 8(2), 428-439.
 
 106. Kreuttner, P., & Strum, I. 
                                    (1990). The Irlen Approach: An intervention 
                                    for students with low reading achievement 
                                    and symptoms of Scotopic Sensitivity Syndrome. 
                                    New York City School, New York.
 
 107. Kriss, Isla, & Bruce J.W. 
                                    Evans (2005). The relationship between dyslexia 
                                    and Meares-Irlen Syndrome. Journal of Research 
                                    in Reading, 28 (3) 350-364.
 
 108. Kumagai, Keiko, PhD. (2006). Published 
                                    paper. University of Tsukuba, Japan. Effect 
                                    of colored films related in facilitating reading: 
                                    The result of the General Japanese population 
                                    and a dyslexic student.
 
 109. Kyd, L.J.C., Sutherland, G.F.M., 
                                    & McGettrick, P.M. (1992). A preliminary 
                                    appraisal of the Irlen screening process for 
                                    Scotopic Sensitivity Syndrome and the effect 
                                    of Irlen coloured overlays on reading. The 
                                    British Orthoptic Journal, 49, 25-30.
 
 110. La Berge, D., & Samuels, S. 
                                    (1974). Toward a theory of automatic information 
                                    processing in reading. Cognitive Psychology, 
                                    6, 293-323.
 
 111. Lea, A.R., & Hailey, D.M. 
                                    (1990). Tinted lenses in the treatment of 
                                    the reading disabled. Canberra, A.C.T.: Australian 
                                    Institute of Health
 
 112. Lehmkuhle, S. (1993). Neurological 
                                    basis of visual processes in reading. In D.M.
 
 113. Willows, R.S. Kruk, & E. Corcos 
                                    (Eds.). Visual Processes in Reading and Reading 
                                    disabilities. (pp. 77-94). Lawrence Erlbaum 
                                    Associates, Hillsdale, N.J., 77-94.
 
 114. Lehmkuhle, S., Garzia, R.P., Turner, 
                                    L., Hash, T., & Baro, J.A. (1993). A defective 
                                    visual pathway in children with reading disability. 
                                    New England Journal of Medicine, 328, 989-996.
 
 115. Levinson, H. (1994). A scientific 
                                    watergate?Dyslexia: How and why countless 
                                    millions are deprived of breakthrough medical 
                                    treatment. Paper available from Harold N. 
                                    Levinson, M.D., Stonebridge Publishing, Ltd., 
                                    15 Lake Rd., Lake Success, NY 11020, USA.
 
 116. Lewine, J.D. (1997). Changes in 
                                    visual evoked magnetic field for people with 
                                    SSIS: implications for understanding causal 
                                    mechanisms. Fourth American Irlen Conference 
                                    for Perceptual and Learning Development, San 
                                    Diego, CA, June 1997.
 
 117. Lewine, J.D. (1999). Changes in 
                                    visual evoked magnetic field for people with 
                                    SSS. Fourth Biannual Australian Irlen Conference. 
                                    Newcastle, Australia, May 20-22,1999.
 
 118. Lewine, J.D., Irlen, H.L., & 
                                    Orrison, W.W. (1996). Visual evoked magnetic 
                                    fields in Scotopic sensitivity syndrome. (Available 
                                    from New Mexico Institute of Neuroimaging. 
                                    The New Mexico Regional Field Medical Center: 
                                    Albuquerque, NM).
 
 119. Lightstone, A., Lightstone, T., 
                                    & Wilkins, A. (1999). Both coloured overlays 
                                    and coloured lenses can improve reading fluency, 
                                    but their optimal chromacities differ. Ophthalmological 
                                    and Physiological Optics, 19, 279-285.
 
 120. Livingstone, M. (1994). Eye spy: 
                                    decoding dyslexia. Focus, January 21, 1994, 
                                    1-2.
 
 121. Livingstone, M.S., & Hubel, 
                                    D.H. (1984). Anatomy and physiology of a color 
                                    system in the primate visual cortex. Journal 
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 122. Livingstone, M.S., & Hubel, 
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