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Introduction
to Neurofeedback |
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Neurofeedback
is a technique in which we train the brain
to help improve its ability to regulate all
bodily functions and to take care of itself.
When the brain is not functioning well, evidence
of this often shows up in the EEG (Electroencephalogram).
By challenging the brain, much as you challenge
your body in physical exercise, we can help
your brain learn to function better.
A better functioning
brain can improve sleep patterns. When you
sleep more efficiently, you are more alert
during the day. It can help with anxiety
and depression, and with syndromes like
migraine or chronic pain. Secondly, it can
be helpful in managing attention - how well
you can persist even at a boring task. Thirdly,
it can help you manage the emotions. Emotions
may feel like the real you, but your brain
has a lot to say about how you feel and
react. If the emotions are out of control,
that's trainable. If they aren't there---as
in lack of empathy, for example---that,
too, is trainable.
Finally, there are
some specific issues where the EEG neurofeedback
training can be helpful, such as in cases
of seizures, traumatic brain injury, stroke,
and autism. In these instances the training
does not so much get rid of the problem
as it simply organizes the brain to function
better in the context of whatever injury
or loss exists
Once you accept the
possibility that this training might be
effective for you, the next question is:
Will this training change who you are? If
a child known for his temper outbursts does
the training and the rages fall away, he
is certainly different but the parents would
say, we have our real son now. Their worst
features should not define a person. The
training brings you closer to who you really
are. That is our experience. And because
this training really allows your true self
to emerge, others may notice the changes
in you even before you do.
Is there a completion
to the training? In order to reach a specific
objective, the training usually continues
for a specific number of sessions. If there
is a loss of optimal training effect after
completion, due to stresses in your life,
a few booster sessions may be recommended.
However, just as concert pianists practice
more than the rest of us, rather than less,
Neurofeedback training can be used without
limit to enhance performance. This "peak
performance training" may be of
interest to professional athletes, corporate
executives, and performing artists.
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EEG Biofeedback is
a learning strategy that enables persons
to alter their brain waves. When information
about a person's own brain wave characteristics
is made available to him, he can learn to
change them. You can think of it as exercise
for the brain
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EEG Biofeedback is
used for many conditions and disabilities
in which the brain is? not working as well
as it might. These include Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder and more severe conduct
problems, specific learning disabilities,
and related issues such as sleep problems
in children, teeth grinding, and chronic
pain such as frequent headaches or stomach
pain, or pediatric migraines. The training
is also helpful with the control of mood
disorders such as anxiety and depression,
as well as for more severe conditions such
as medically uncontrolled seizures, minor
traumatic brain injury, or cerebral palsy.
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An initial interview
is done to obtain a description of symptoms,
and to get a picture of the health history
and family history. Some testing may be
done as well. And the person does the first
EEG training session, at which time we get
a look at the EEG. This all may take about
two hours. (The details may differ among
the various affiliate offices. In some offices
a full brain map, or quantitative EEG, is
routinely obtained, which may require a
separate office visit. Or more extensive
testing may be done.) Subsequent training
sessions last about 40 minutes to an hour,
and are conducted from one to five times
per week. Some improvement is generally
seen within ten sessions. Once learning
is? consolidated, the benefit appears to
be permanent in most cases.
The EEG biofeedback
training is a painless, non-invasive procedure.
One or more sensors are placed son the calp,
and one to each ear. The brain waves are
monitored by means of an amplifier and a
computer-based instrument that processes
the signal and provides the proper feedback.
This is displayed to the trainee by means
of a video game or other video display,
along with audio signals. The trainee is
asked to make the video game go with his
brain. As activity in a desirable frequency
band increases, the video game moves faster,
or some other reward is given. As? activity
in an adverse band increases, the video
game is inhibited. Gradually, the brain
responds to the cues that it is being given,
and a "learning" of new brain
wave patterns takes place. The new pattern
is one which is closer to what is normally
observed in individuals without such disabilities.
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What
Therapeutic Applications have Clinical
Evidence? |
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There are clinical
reports or case histories concerning the
effectiveness of neurofeedback for the following
therapeutic applications.
Therapeutic Applications
of Neurofeedback
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Addiction
- Anxiety
- Attachment Disorder
- Conduct Disorder
- Depression
- Sleep Disorder
- Tourettes Sydrome
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What
results do we obtain? |
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In the case of ADHD,
impulsivity, distractibility, and hyperactivity
may all respond to the training. This may
lead to much more successful school performance.?
Cognitive function may improve as well.
In several controlled studies, increases
of 10 points in IQ score were found for
a representative group of ADHD children.
And in two clinical studies, an average
increase of 19 and 23? points was demonstrated.
>Behavior may
improve in other ways as well: If the child
has a lot of temper tantrums, is belligerent,
and even violent or cruel, these aspects
of behavior may come? under the child's
control.
In the case of depression,
there can be a gradual recovery of "affect",
or? emotional responsiveness, and a reduction
of effort fatigue. In the case of anxiety
and panic attacks, there is gradual improvement
in "regulation", with
a dropoff in frequency and severity of anxiety
episodes and panic attacks until the condition
normalizes.
In the case of epilepsy,
we observe a reduction in severity and incidence
(frequency of occurrence) of seizures. In
many cases .(old sentence) The dosage of?
anticonvulsant medication may ultimately
be reduced (if ordered by the referring
neurologist), and side effects of such medication
may diminish
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